Harris, J. A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 3 , Hutteman, R. Developmental tasks as a framework to study personality development in adulthood and old age. European Journal of Personality, 28 3 , — Kawabata, Y. Developmental Psychology, 47 6 , — PMID Mead, G. Reitz, A. How peers make a difference: The role of peer groups and peer relationships in personality development.
Siegler, R. New York: Worth Publishers. Tarrant, M. Adolescent peer groups and social identity. Social Development, 11 1 , — Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. Murphy, T. The Influences of parent and peer attachment on bullying. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26 5 , Papafratzeskakou, E. Peer victimization and depressive symptoms: Role of peers and parent-child relationship. Rodkin, P. Bullies and victims in the peer ecology: Four questions for psychologists and school professionals.
School Psychology Review, 32 3 , Ryan, A. The peer group as a context for the development of young adolescent motivation and achievement. Child Development, 4, Smith, P. The nature of school bullying: A cross-national perspective. The Australian Institute of Family Studies acknowledges the traditional country throughout Australia on which we gather, live, work and stand. We acknowledge all traditional custodians, their Elders past, present and emerging, and we pay our respects to their continuing connection to their culture, community, land, sea and rivers.
Home » Research findings » Annual Statistical Reports » 6. Adolescents' relationships with their peers. Adolescents' relationships with their peers 6. Read publication. View as a PDF. Scroll down. Box 6. Trust reflects the degree of mutual understanding and respect in peer relationships.
Communication reflects the extent and quality of communication in peer relationships. A measure of overall peer attachment was also created by summing across all items. The peer group attitudes are categorised into four types of attitudes, and scale scores were obtained for each of these by summing responses across items higher scale scores indicated peer groups that were higher on that specific characteristic : Positive orientation toward academic achievement six items : for example, 'Kids you know read books for fun' and 'Kids you know work hard at school'.
Two items were reverse coded for scale calculation 'Kids you know dislike school' and 'Kids you know put popularity above good grades'. Peer group moral behaviour seven items : for example, 'Kids you know get into trouble' and 'Kids you know are mean to other kids'.
All items were reverse coded for scale calculation, with the exception of 'Kids you know go to religious services'. Then others may go along, too — so it can be easy to think, "It must be OK. Everyone else is doing it. They must know what they're doing. Responding to peer pressure is part of human nature — but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground.
People who are low on confidence and those who tend to follow rather than lead could be more likely to seek their peers' approval by giving in to a risky challenge or suggestion. People who are unsure of themselves, new to the group, or inexperienced with peer pressure may also be more likely to give in.
Using alcohol or drugs increases anyone's chances of giving in to peer pressure. Substance use impairs judgment and interferes with the ability to make good decisions.
Nearly everyone ends up in a sticky peer pressure situation at some point. No matter how wisely you choose your friends, or how well you think you know them, sooner or later you'll have to make decisions that are difficult and could be unpopular.
It may be something as simple as resisting the pressure to spend your hard-earned babysitting money on the latest MP3 player that "everybody" has. Or it may mean deciding to take a stand that makes you look uncool to your group.
But these situations can be opportunities to figure out what is right for you. There's no magic to standing up to peer pressure, but it does take courage — yours:. It's not always easy to resist negative peer pressure, but when you do, it is easy to feel good about it afterward. And you may even be a positive influence on your peers who feel the same way — often it just takes one person to speak out or take a different action to change a situation.
Your friends may follow if you have the courage to do something different or refuse to go along with the group. Consider yourself a leader, and know that you have the potential to make a difference. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size. And we didn't make you do it.
Who Are Your Peers? You might not hear a lot about it, but peers have a profoundly positive influence on each other and play important roles in each other's lives: Friendship. Among peers you can find friendship and acceptance, and share experiences that can build lasting bonds. Media release Strong peer group helps keep bullies at bay. Related content Australian families with children and adolescents.
Australian Family Trends— Jul This facts sheet examines the extent and nature of change in household and family forms. Stability and change in risky driving from the late teens to the late twenties. Research Paper— Mar
0コメント