She invented the first compiler, a program that translates programming code to machine language. Try this: Check out the Hour of Code program to learn how kids of all ages can learn computer coding in fun and easy ways. Known for: If you love a good Netflix binge, thank Philo Farnsworth. Known for: Do you have a home security system? You can thank Marie Van Brittan Brown.
She filed her patent in , and it includes innovations still used today. Try this: Protect your stuff by learning how to build your own door alarm. Learn more: Ralph H. Baer, National Center for Simulation. Try this: Use an app like Roblox to design and create your own video game experience. Known for: Kids may not give a lot of thought to cataracts, but they should still know about Dr.
She was the first African-American female doctor to receive a medical patent. She invented the Laserphaco Pro probe, which revolutionized cataract surgery. Learn more: Patricia Bath, Biography. Try this: Understand more about the anatomy of the eye by building a 3D human eye model.
Johnson to thank! Learn more: Lonnie Johnson Website. Though Jobs went on to become more well-known, he and Wozniak worked together to build the Apple I, the home computer that launched a revolution. Known for: Dr. Tsukamoto is on the cutting edge of one of the most exciting new technologies—stem cells.
She holds several patents for the technology to isolate various types of stem cells. Try this: Watch this video to learn more about stem cells and their importance to modern medicine. He created the N95 respirator mask, which helps keep people safe against airborne viruses. In , he launched the World Wide Web, and the internet as we know it was born. Learn more: Tim Berners-Lee Wired. Try this: Explore the history of the internet and find out what early web pages looked like. Because of its scale, WorldCat can be used to represent a large part of the scholarly and cultural record.
At OCLC Research, we're exploring records and mining WorldCat data to highlight interesting and different views of the world's library collections each month. Be sure to check out our " What in the WorldCat? Settings Menu Search. He started designing a new printing press in , and he managed to use it to print the famous Forty-two-line Bible by More than million books were printed using his printing presses by A Dutch astronomer, physicist, and mathematician, Christiaan Huygens was responsible for many important scientific discoveries including the wave theory of light, discovering the true shape of the ring of Saturn, and uncovering the science of dynamics action of forces on bodies.
His most popular invention was the practical application of the pendulum as a time controller in clocks. His pendulum clock came into existence in and the patent for it was granted a year later. Many consider Huygens a greatly-talented mathematician rather than a genius of the first order. Having a specialization in microscopy, the Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is credited for discovering bacteria, blood cells, and all things microscopic.
His observation laid the foundation for modern fields of science including protozoology and biology. He made his own microscope using a high-quality lens with a short focal length.
At that time, this design was preferable to a compound microscope because the former eliminated the problems with chromatic aberration. Among them was the structure of the flea along with the entire history of metamorphosis.
Benjamin Franklin was often illustrated as a man flying a kite in a thunderstorm, but this was not an original idea. A similar yet safer technique had been tried in France before. Many of his other discoveries were original nonetheless. Benjamin Franklin, also one of the Founding Fathers, created a clear distinction between electricity conductors and insulators, invented a battery for storing electric power, demonstrated that electricity was a single fluid with equal amounts of positive and negative charges, and coined many new words such as electrify, charge, discharge, armature, condense, and conductor.
In , while repairing the Newcomen steam engine, James Watt was impressed not by the engine itself but by the waste of steam it made. It took him about a year to come up with an ingenious solution to improve the efficiency of the engine: a separate condenser. It was his first and greatest invention.
Watt found that the worst defect of the Newcomen engine was the loss of latent heat in the process of creating energy. Therefore, the condensation — which caused the problem — should occur in a separate yet connected cylinder. With the help of John Roebuck and a loan from Joseph Black, James Watt made his own engine in and was granted the patent for his all-new improved steam engine design, one which eventually became the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution a year later.
The Montgolfier brothers were French pioneers who developed and performed the first un-tethered flights in a hot-air balloon. It all started in when the two discovered that heated air, collected inside a fabric bag, caused the bag to move up and fly. While it does sound simple, it took some serious work to figure out how to use it practically. Finally, they made the first flight in public on June 4, , in which they successfully flew up to 3, feet high and remained there for about 10 minutes.
They settled to the ground about one and a half miles away from where they took off. The original design was continuously refined and improved, which opened the possibility for scientists to explore the upper atmosphere. Alessandro Volta came up with the first true battery known as a voltaic pile. Volta started working on static electricity in and constructed the voltaic pile in The unit of electromotive force called a volt was derived from his name and coined in The automatic loom, the driving force behind the revolution in the textile industry, was the brainchild of the French inventor Joseph-Marie Jacquard.
He worked on the idea in and demonstrated his improved draw loom in It did take more than a decade, but only because his progress was cut short by the French Revolution during which he fought for the Revolutionaries.
Jacquard continued his work and ended up creating an attachment to make the loom even better in After which, any loom that used the attachment was called a Jacquard loom. One special thing about the Jacquard loom is its programmability. Not only did it revolutionize the textile industry, but it also became one of the earliest versions of a programmable machine.
In , the Jacquard loom was declared public property and the man who invented it was rewarded with royalties and a pension. In , when John Loudon McAdam held the position of surveyor general of the Bristol roads, he had the perfect opportunity to put his road-building ideas into practice. Instead of utilizing the commonly-used masonry construction approach, he demonstrated that a thin layer of broken stones compacted on a well-drained natural formation could support traffic as long as the thin layer was covered by an impermeable surface of smaller stones.
Drainage was crucial to make the design effective, so the pavement must be elevated above the surrounding surface. Many other countries including the United States quickly adopted the same method; in fact, it is still used until today.
Since he was unable to obtain lithographic stone locally, he decided to find a method to acquire or provide the images automatically. He started to use pewter covered with various light-sensitive materials to produce superimposed engravings in sunlight.
In other words, the first photographic image from nature permanently fixed on a surface. He realized that metal was a better material of choice for etching because of its strength and durability. In , he made another heliograph but this one was a reproduction of an engraved portrait.
With this heliograph, not only did he solve the problem of reproducing nature by light but also invented a method of photomechanical reproduction. In the late s, Robert Fulton came up with the idea of using revolving paddles at the stern of a ship for effective propulsion based on an earlier invention of a mechanical paddle.
In addition to that, Fulton also designed a steam warship, submarine, and a system of inland waterways. His journey from being an experimental engineer to a commercially successful person started in when he met with Robert R. Livingston — the same Livingston who took part in drafting the U.
Declaration of Independence. The boat was about 66 feet long and it housed an eight-horsepower engine. It is worth mentioning that Livingston had been in the steamboat navigation business in fact, he had a year monopoly in that before he was the minister to France. Thanks to his partnership with Fulton, he continued to reign supreme in the business for quite some time afterward. Many people remember Eli Whitney as the inventor of the cotton gin, but his most important contribution to the entire manufacturing industry was the idea of mass production of interchangeable parts.
He was an inventor, manufacturer, and an engineer who made a lot of money from the settlement of patent infringement issues regarding his patent on cotton gin. Their device was all mechanical and consisted of 1 a hopper to feed the cotton into the gin; 2 a cylinder fitted with hundreds of short wire hooks arranged in a way that they matched the grooves; 3 breastwork with a narrow slot too small to allow the passage of cotton seeds; and 4 a bristle to brush the cotton from the hooks.
The patent for this device was granted in So, he did what inventors do: he built one. It occurred to him that etching the rest of the surface transformed the markings into reliefs. His works on copper plates were unsuccessful, but it led him to experiment on limestone. After two years of trial and error, he discovered flat-surface printing. Senefelder did not disclose his method to the public until at least The king of Bavaria also gave him a good pension. Based on earlier models of rockets used by Hayder Ali an Indian prince in and , Sir William Congreve built a rocket with the capability of reaching a target located 2, yards away in The rocket was about Another idea of his was reinforcing warships with armor to withstand artillery fire.
The device was constructed of hollow tubes of wood and it could only transmit sound to one ear. Despite the basic design, the stethoscope could be easily disassembled and reassembled partly because of the small dimension — it was 10 inches long and 1. Rubber tubing replaced wood at the end of the 19 th century.
He then built the Blucher , an engine equipped with enough power to haul 30 tons of coal at four miles per hour. Stephenson continued to improve the design and discovered a method to make a truly practical locomotive. The method involved redirecting exhaust steam up the chimney to increase the draft. It ran from Darlington to Stockton at the speed of 15 miles per hour carrying passengers.
Unfortunately, the exposure time required to produce decent quality images was about eight hours long. He used a combination of mercury vapor and table salt to expose a plate of iodized silver to make the process more time efficient without sacrificing picture quality. The image was permanent too.
Although the idea of the electric telegraph was invented around , Samuel F. Morse believed that his proposal was the first. In and with the help of a friend who provided the materials and labor for developing the proposal, Morse built a model of the telegraph system. A year later, he developed a system of language consisting of dots and dashes known today as the Morse code. The code, however, remains a crucial system of communication especially for military purposes in situations when extremely long-distance communication is necessary.
One of the main reasons is that receivers transmit simple tones in better clarity. Two things separated Charles Babbage from every other mathematician and engineer in his lifetime: the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine — both were his projects.
While the Difference Engine was the less sophisticated of the two, it could put any calculator available back then to shame.
It was a glorified mechanical calculator with the ability to construct a mathematical table, more specifically logarithm tables for navigational purpose.
The engine could also print results onto a soft metal plate. Between and , British scientists built the engine and you can still see it now at the Science Museum in London. On the other hand, the Analytical Engine should have been the first computer. It had a mill CPU , storage to hold data prior to processing memory , reader, and printer. The postal service that we know today has remained pretty much the same since Sir Rowland Hill formulated it between and To simplify an otherwise complex pricing of postage based on distance and avoid refusal of payment upon delivery, he created a prepaid postage system in which a customer must purchase an adhesive stamp at the post office prior to sending a package or letter.
As an inventor of an effective rubber tire design and its manufacturing method, Charles Goodyear had an unfortunate life due to patent infringement. Goodyear figured out that a mixture of rubber, sulfur, and white lead could be transformed into an elastic solid that would remain elastic even when exposed to high temperature. The vulcanization process used by Goodyear generally remains the same as it is today.
You can read about his account of the discovery in Gum-Elastic and Its Discoveries. In his line of work as an apprentice to a blacksmith in Vermont when he was still in his early 20s, John Deere could tell that wood and a cast-iron plow was ineffective.
It occurred to him that the answer was a one-piece share and moldboard made of all-steel material. By , Deere and his partner built and sold a small number of the improved plow. Nine years later, he decided to move to Moline, Illinois and it turned out to be the right decision. Deere and Company are still headquartered in the same city; the company was th in Fortune list in His bullet design was conical, so it was longer but had more or less the same weight as its rounded counterparts.
Another major component was the hollow base which expanded due to the pressure of an exploding charge. During the U. In , when he was 15 years old, he wrote a music adaptation written with a simple instrument. Instead of writing it down in normal letters, he made a system that consisted of six-dot codes in various configurations to represent letters in the alphabet.
In other words, a written language system for the blind. He introduced the system in a treatise in but the adoption was quite slow, and Braille never saw his idea officially adopted for educational purposes. Schools in Paris did not officially use the system until — two years after his death. A universal code for English-speaking Braille was approved in During the early 19 th century, harvesting crop was not always a pleasant time for farmers in the United States.
Harvesting required a lot of labor, and the cost to hire them would be far from being affordable. In , a young inventor named Cyrus Hall McCormick from Virginia built a mechanical reaper consisting of a vibrating cutting blade, a reel, and a platform to receive the falling grain. Also resembling a two-wheeled chariot, the equipment introduced the working principles of modern grain-cutting machines. It was an award-winning invention and by , the reaper became known to farmers all around the world.
When working as a master mechanic in a bedstead factory in , Elisha Graves Otis was sent to New York to install a device called a safety hoist in a new factory. He designed an elevator equipped with a clamping mechanism that would grip the guide rails on which the car moved in case the rope lost its tension.
He called it a safety hoist. In the following years, Otis improved his design and installed the first elevator for passenger use powered by steam in He also patented a steam plow in and a bake oven a year later. During the Crimean War, Bessemer realized that blowing air through melted cast-iron could introduce more heat to the material and further purify it at the same time.
The method also made the pouring process of purified iron much easier. The air could generate heat due to the chemical reactions from oxygen in the air with silicon and carbon in the iron. Later on, the technique became known as the Bessemer process. He devised all sorts of equipment to make the process more effective including larger ingots and a tilting converter. Inventions that will benefit everyone.
From the simple microscope to the structure of DNA, everything was invented. Here are some of the important inventions and their inventors in Biology:. Apart from the above-mentioned inventions and inventors, there are many others, who have made immense contributions to various fields.
Their field did vary, however, their interest and dedication towards helping the common masses made them unique inventors. If you also have the zeal to do wonders in your field of study but are not sure which university to pursue a course in, then let the experts at Leverage Edu lend you helping hand. From completing the admission formalities to helping you write a statement of purpose, the professionals will provide assistance throughout the process!
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